The economic feasibility of ethanol production from sugar in the United States, USDA et al [pdf, 367 Kb] - 2006/07
	Summary:  Economic feasibility study on the production of ethanol from sugar feedstocks in the United States. The included sugar feedstocks are sugarcane juice, sugar beet juice, cane or beet molasses, raw sugar and ... continued
Cooking cellulose in hot and compressed water, Deguchi, S., Tsujii, K. and Horikoshi, K. [pdf, 333 Kb] - 2006/07
	Summary:  This short paper is on the pretreatment of cellulose fibers with water of 25 MPa and max 350 degrees C. At the above pressure, and at a temperature of around 320 degrees, a transformation from an cry... continued
Emissions from conventional gasoline vehicles driven with ethanol blend fuels, Karlsson, H.L. [pdf, 2,15 Mb] - 2006/05
	Summary:  Normally, blends are used in flexible fuel vehicles within adapted engines and components. However in this test 4 regular vehicles popular in Sweden are tested with E5, E17 and E 43. The vehicles were tested ... continued
Bioethanol in Europe, ECN [pdf, 1,21 Mb] - 2006
	Summary:  This report gives an overview of the various bioethanol processes and evaluates their economic potential and environmental performance. The evaluated processes are: ... continued
Elastomer compatibility testing of renewable diesel fuels, McCormick, R. and Frame, E. [pdf, 733 Kb] - 2005/11
	Summary:  To ensure that biodiesel and biodiesel blends can be used in engines without any negative effects, the US department of Energy issued a test of five elastomers commonly used in vehicles. The tests were ... continued
Emission from flexible fuel vehicles with different ethanol blends, Serves, C. [pdf, 523 Kb] - 2005/10
	Summary:  The application of bio-ethanol, though reducing the emissions of CO2, can lead to increased emission during end-use. The specific emissions (regulated and non regulated) of three Euro 4 Ford Focus flexible ... continued
Ethanol-diesel blended fuels on the performance and emission of unmodified diesel engines - presentation, Dominquez, J., Miguel, E.,  Arjona, R. and Millán, C.  [pdf, 529 Kb] - 2005/10
	Summary:  Presentation containing more specific graphs, results and clear summary of the two tested engines in a report called The effects of ethanol-diesel blended fuels on the performance and emission of unmodified ... continued
Biofuels in France 1990-2005, Walwijk, M. [pdf, 329 Kb] - 2005/09
	Summary:  In the early 1990s, biofuels gained interest in France. The country chose biofuels that could be blended, mainly vegetable methyl oil ester and ETBE. The production increased steadily after the establishment of ... continued
Assessment of bio-ethanol and biogas initiatives for transport in Sweden [pdf, 345 Kb] - 2005/05
	Summary:  This assessment gives an overview of the numbers of vehicles and filling stations for bio-ethanol and biogas in Sweden. Also, details are given on the stakeholders involved, the legal framework and the financi... continued
Regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions comparison for three Tier II non-road diesel engines operating on ethanol-diesel blends, Merritt, P. et al [pdf, 996 Kb] - 2005/05
	Summary:  In this emission test report three off-road tier II diesel engines were operated on ethanol diesel blends. The tested fuels were diesel with 400 ppm sulfur and blends of that diesel with 7.7, 10 and 15 percent ... continued
Scania presentation: Biofuels for road transport: twenty years of experience of ethanol fuelled buses, Wästljung, U.s [pdf, 1,15 Mb] - 2005
	Summary:  Presentation by Scania on their 20 years experience in ethanol fueled buses. Scania regards ethanol as an interesting fuel for city buses. Ordinary city buses with Scania components and an adapted diesel ... continued
Well-to-Wheel Evaluation for Production of Ethanol from Wheat, LowCVP Fuels Working Group, WTW Sub-Group [pdf, 380 Kb] - 2004/10
	Summary:  This report records the findings of the Well to Wheel sub-group for the Fuels Working Group of the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership and aims at reaching consensus on the energy and greenhouse gas balances ... continued
The Brazilian ethanol programme, Impacts on world ethanol and sugar markets, Koizumi T. [pdf, 119 Kb] - 2004/09
	Summary:  Describes the relation between the sugar market and the ethanol market in Brazil. The Brazilian government has abolished all sugar market intervention measures except for the control on the ethanol gasoline ... continued
Ethanol barometer, Europserver [pdf, 246 Kb] - 2004/06
	Summary:  Useful numbers on bioethanol and biodiesel production volumes in Europe, and overview of national incentives. continued
Ethanol-Blended Fuels, Nebraska Ethanol Board [pdf, 574 Kb] - 2004
	Summary:  Assesses the current practices for the marketing, transportation, storage and distribution of ethanol and gasoline ethanol blends in the United States. Also discusses the potential use of ethanol in E85, ETBE, and ... continued
The effects of ethanol-diesel blended fuels on the performance and emission of unmodified diesel engines REPORT,  Dominquez,  J., Miguel, E., Arjona, R. and Millán, C. [pdf, 146 Kb] - 2004
	Summary:  A summary of the results gathered when testing an off-road and on-road diesel engine with diesel and diesel-ethanol mixtures of 5, 10 and 15 % ethanol. The report gives a lot of test-specific and emission ... continued
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the production and use of ethanol in Brazil: present situation (2002), De Carvalho Macedo I,  Leal MRLV, Da Silva JEAR [pdf, 332 Kb] - 2003/12
	Summary:  The addition of 20 - 25 % ethanol to gasoline is in important contribution to the improvement of air quality in Sao Paulo State (Brazil). It is essential that in the production of ethanol, the contribution of fossil fuels ... continued
Prospects for ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass: techno-economical performance as development progresses, Hamelinck CN,  Van Hooijdonk G, Faaij APC [pdf, 835 Kb] - 2003/11
	Summary:  Overviews the current technology and expected development for the production of ethanol via hydrolysis fermentation. For the short and middle and long term plausible conversion facilities were defined ... continued
Safety and performance assessment of ethanol/diesel blends (e-diesel), Waterland, L., Venkatesh, S. and Unnasch, S. [pdf, 576 Kb] - 2003/09
	Summary:  In this study a Failure Modes and Effects Analyses (FMEA) is performed to evaluate the relative safety and performance risks of e-diesel use compared to standard diesel use. The preparation, transporta... continued
Fuel-Cycle Energy and Emission Impacts of Ethanol-Diesel Blends in Urban Buses and Farming Tractors, Center for Transportation  Research Argonne National Laboratory [pdf, 992 Kb] - 2003/07
	Summary:  This is the report of the full fuel-cycle analysis of the energy and emission effects of E-diesel blends relative to those of petroleum diesel. The study focuses on urban transit buses and farming tractors with... continued
The impacts of creating a domestic UK bioethanol industry, Bullard, M. et al [pdf, 13,51 Mb] - 2003/06
	Summary:  This report examines all the possible impacts of the creation of a domestic UK bioethanol industry (amongst others): the most attractive technical routes and crops for bioethanol production are assessed ... continued
Conventional Bio Transportation Fuels: an update, den Uil H., et al [pdf, 822 Kb] - 2003/05
	Summary:  This report is an update concerning conventional bio-transportation fuels. Data on costs and environmental performance in recent studies is analysed and compared with the GAVE/ADL study. continued
Ligno Cellulosic Ethanol: a second opinion, den Uil H., et al [pdf, 793 Kb] - 2003/05
	Summary:  In this report an overview of the current available technologies for ethanol production from lignocellulosic feed-stocks is given, along with the major technological obstacles and an implementation estimate ... continued
Iogen doubles ecoethanol capacity, Tania Glithero [pdf, 15 Kb] - 2003/04
	Summary:  The Canadian company Iogen Energy, the largest corporation specialising in technologies for producing ethanol from biomass, has announced that it plans to double production capacity to process 50 tons of ... continued
Chevron to Eliminate MTBE from its California Cleaner-Burning Gasoline in Southern California [pdf, 18 Kb] - 2003/01
	Summary:  ChevronTexaco will shortly replace MTBE with ethanol in southern California, since MTBE additives will be prohibited in California from December 2003. continued
Ethanol fact book, a compilation of information about fuel ethanol, Clean fuels development coalition (CFDC) [pdf, 1,03 Mb] - 2003
	Summary:  Course material, deals with the process of converting grain to ethanol, the variety of biomass/cellulose sources from which ethanol can be produced, the energy relationships between science, society, and ... continued
A Literature Review Based Assessment on the Impacts of a 10% and 20% Ethanol Gasoline Fuel Blend on Non-Automotive Engines,  Orbital Engine Company [pdf, 235 Kb] - 2002/12
	Summary:  Assesses the suitability of ethanol/gasoline blend fuels containing 10 percent and 20 percent, by volume, ethanol for nonautomotive engines, with a focus on engine operability, engine durability and fuel system ... continued
Handbook for Handling, Storing and Dispensing E85, US Department of Energy, NREL and NEVC [pdf, 2,99 Mb] - 2002/10
	Summary:  Very practical information is summed up for all parties with an interest in establishing E85 fueling systems in the US. The report gives a broad summary on why to use ethanol, what the specifications and proper... continued
E-diesel; Demonstration Test in Denmark, Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry [pdf, 411 Kb] - 2002/10
	Summary:  E-diesel is a new fuel technology using a solubilizer additive (2% Beraid(registered trademark) ED10) in ethanol-diesel blended fuel (10% anhydrous bioethanol). The first demonstration test project in Europe ... continued
The energy balance of corn ethanol: An update, Shapouri H, Duffield JA, Wang M. [pdf, 134 Kb] - 2002/07
	Summary:  Evaluates several studies about the net energy value of corn ethanol. These studies applied a large variation in data and assumptions and resulted in a wide range of estimates. This present study identifies the ... continued
Co-production of bio-ethanol, electricity and heat from biomass residues, Reith, J.H. et al [pdf, 388 Kb] - 2002/07
	Summary:  Evaluation of the status of lignocellulose-to-bioethanol technology and the economical and ecological system performance, to identify R&D approaches for further development. The estimated production ... continued
Energy balances in the growth of oilseed rape for biodiesel and of wheat for bioethanol, I.R. Richards et al [pdf, 500 Kb] - 2002/06
	Summary:  This report presents an analysis of the ratio between the energy produced and the energy used for two biofuel chains: oilseed rape for biodiesel and wheat crops for bioethanol. The study indicates that growth ... continued
Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics Utilizing co-current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic  Hydrolysis for Corn Stover, Aden. A., et al [pdf, 4,93 Mb] - 2002/06
	Summary:  This report is an update of the last report from 1999. It represents an updated process design and cost basis for the process using a corn stover feedstock.The conceptual design and costs presented here are ... continued
Fuel ethanol industry guidelines, specifications, and procedures, Renewable Fuels Association [pdf, 249 Kb] - 2002/05
	Summary:  This is a condensed version of the infrastructure requirements for an expanded fuel ethanol industry also available on the GAVE website. This document is a technical reference for ethanol producers and ... continued
Techno-economic analysis of Bio-alcohol production in the EU: a short summary for decision-makers, Marina Enguidanos et al [pdf, 922 Kb] - 2002/05
	Summary:  This is a reference for non-technical decision-makers that provides an overview of the techno-economic characteristics of bio ethanol. The following issues are discussed: costs, prices, taxation and the ... continued
Infrastructure requirements for an expanded fuel ethanol industry, Reynolds R. [pdf, 2,11 Mb] - 2002/01
	Summary:  This report by Downstream Alternatives, Inc. (DAI) provides technical expertise specifically related to ethanol transportation, distribution, and marketing issues. Although the study concerns specific cases of ... continued
Ethanol & Fuel Cells: Converging Paths of Opportunity, Bentley J and Derby R. [pdf, 343 Kb] - 2002
	Summary:  The Renewable Fuels Association s Fuel Cell Task Force, promotes the advantages of renewable ethanol as a fuel source for fuel cells. Ethanol can be used as a hydrogen source for fuel cells, and is easier to ... continued
Technical Barriers to the Use of Ethanol in Diesel Fuel, McCormick RL and Parish R. [pdf, 362 Kb] - 2001/11
	Summary:  Bioethanol has good transitional, environmental and economic perspectives. However, ethanol is traditionally applied in the gasoline market, which decreases while the diesel market increases. There are ... continued
Costs and benefits of a biomass-to-ethanol production industry in California, California Energy Commission [pdf, 1,02 Mb] - 2001/03
	Summary:  The report examines the costs and benefits of ethanol production in California using cellulosic biomass wastes and residues. This study indicated that ethanol could be produced from biomass resources with ... continued
Alternative fuels (ethanol) in Sweden, Nils Elam [pdf, 112 Kb] - 2000/09
	Summary:  This report gives an analysis which identifies the factors which help or hinder biofuels use and analyses how these factors intervene in the development process of biofuels. In particular, this document ... continued
Bioethanol in France and Spain, IEA bioenergy Task 27 [pdf, 220 Kb] - 2000/09
	Summary:  This report gives an analysis which identifies the factors which help or hinder biofuels use and analyses how these factors intervene in the development process of biofuels. In particular, this document ... continued
The current fuel ethanol industry transportation, marketing, distribution, and technical considerations, Reynolds R. [pdf, 756 Kb] - 2000/05
	Summary:  Assesses the current practices for the marketing, transportation, storage and distribution of ethanol and gasoline ethanol blends in the United States. Also discusses the potential use of ethanol in E85, ETBE, ... continued
Ligno-cellulosic biomass to ethanol process design and economics utilising co-current dilute acid pre-hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis current and futuristic scenarios, Wooley, R. [pdf, 2,1 Mb] - 1999/07
	Summary:  This report describes an economic model that can be used to predict the cost of producing ethanol from cellulosic biomass. The model assumes the use of technology that could be built in the next few years ... continued
Use of Higher than 10 volume percent Ethanol/Gasoline Blends In Gasoline Powered Vehicles, Chandra Prakash [pdf, 439 Kb] - 1998/11
	Summary:  Addition of ethanol to gasoline has effects on the octane number, the fuel volatility and vehicle performance, material compatibility, etc. Ethanol/gasoline blends when compared to gasoline, in general, ... continued
Hennepin Countys Experience with heavy-duty ethanol vehicles, Frailey, M. [pdf, 142 Kb] - 1998/01
	Summary:  In this study two 300 horsepower V-6 two stroke engines were compared with a diesel engine of the same origin. The engines were only modified on a few points (raised compression ratio and adjusted ... continued
Determining the Cost of Producing Ethanol from Corn Starch and Lignocellulosic Feedstocks, McAloon A., et al [pdf, 694 Kb] - 1997/12
	Summary:  This report describes the comparison of the processes of producing ethanol from corn starch or from lignocellulosic feedstocks. The resulting costs of producing 25 million annual gallons of fuel ethan... continued
Fuel-Cycle Fossil Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Fuel Ethanol Produced from U.S. Midwest Corn,  Wang M.,  Saricks C., Wu M. [pdf, 457 Kb] - 1997/12
	Summary:  The intent and scope of this study was the revision and upgrading of the GREET model to address corn farming and ethanol production in four Midwest states. The study also estimated energy requirements for ... continued

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